Automated emotion recognition in speech is a long-standing problem. While early work on emotion recognition relied on hand-crafted features and simple classifiers, the field has now embraced end-to-end feature learning and classification using deep neural networks. In parallel to these models, researchers have proposed several data augmentation techniques to increase the size and variability of existing labeled datasets. Despite many seminal contributions in the field, we still have a poor understanding of the interplay between the network architecture and the choice of data augmentation. Moreover, only a handful of studies demonstrate the generalizability of a particular model across multiple datasets, which is a prerequisite for robust real-world performance. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of popular deep learning approaches for emotion recognition. To eliminate bias, we fix the model architectures and optimization hyperparameters using the VESUS dataset and then use repeated 5-fold cross validation to evaluate the performance on the IEMOCAP and CREMA-D datasets. Our results demonstrate that long-range dependencies in the speech signal are critical for emotion recognition and that speed/rate augmentation offers the most robust performance gain across models.

早期发现癌症是一种挑战性的医学问题。癌症患者的血液血清富含异质分泌脂质结合的细胞内囊泡（EVS），其具有复杂的信息和生物标志物，代表其原产地，目前在液检和癌症筛查领域中研究。振动光谱提供了非侵入性方法，用于评估复杂生物样品中的结构和生物物理性质。在该试点研究中，对来自来自四个不同癌症亚型（结直肠癌，肝细胞癌，乳腺癌和胰腺癌）和五名健康患者（对照组）组成的9例血浆中提取的多种拉曼光谱测量测量。 FTIR（傅里叶变换红外）光谱测量是作为拉曼分析的互补方法，在四个癌症亚型中的两种。 Adaboost随机森林分类器，决策树和支持向量机（SVM）区分癌症EV的基线校正拉曼光谱从健康对照（18 Spectra）的那些，当减少到频谱频率范围时，分类精度高于90％ 1800至1940年反厘米，经过50:50培训：测试分裂。 14 Spectra的FTIR分类精度显示了80％的分类准确性。我们的研究结果表明，基本机器学习算法是强大的应用智能工具，以区分癌症患者EVS的复杂振动光谱来自健康患者。这些实验方法将希望作为人工智能辅助早期癌症筛查的有效和有效的液检活动。